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Philippines

One of the very few countries growing all four commercial coffee species — including Liberica, which almost nowhere else does.

Production
0.5M bags (60 kg)
Altitude
200–1,800 m
Species
94% Robusta and 6% Arabica
Harvest
October–March

Production figures are for the 2025/26 crop year.

Overview

The Philippines is unusual in growing Arabica, Robusta, Liberica and Excelsa commercially. Robusta is the bulk of the crop, from Mindanao and the southern Tagalog provinces. Arabica comes from the Cordillera highlands of northern Luzon — Benguet, Kalinga, Mountain Province — and from Bukidnon and Sultan Kudarat in Mindanao.

Liberica is the distinctive one. Known locally as *barako*, it is grown mainly in Batangas and Cavite, produces very large beans on tall trees, and has a following in the Philippines that it has nowhere else in the world. Total national production is modest and the country is a net importer — domestic demand comfortably exceeds what is grown — which keeps most of the crop at home and makes Philippine coffee a rarity on export markets.

Growing regions

  • Arabica
  • Robusta
  • Liberica
  • Excelsa
  • Both

Shaded provinces contain growing areas; the crop covers only part of each.

1,000–1,800 m
Arabica

Benguet and Kalinga in northern Luzon — the country's Arabica highlands.

Harvest
  1. J
  2. F
  3. M
  4. A
  5. M
  6. J
  7. J
  8. A
  9. S
  10. O
  11. N
  12. D
Washed Honey Typica Bourbon Catimor Red Caturra

200–700 m
Liberica Excelsa

The home of barako — Liberica, grown almost nowhere else on this scale.

Harvest
  1. J
  2. F
  3. M
  4. A
  5. M
  6. J
  7. J
  8. A
  9. S
  10. O
  11. N
  12. D
Natural Washed Liberica (barako) Excelsa

300–1,500 m
Robusta Arabica

Bukidnon, Sultan Kudarat and Davao — most of the national volume.

Harvest
  1. J
  2. F
  3. M
  4. A
  5. M
  6. J
  7. J
  8. A
  9. S
  10. O
  11. N
  12. D
Natural Washed Robusta selections Typica Catimor

In the cup

Cordillera Arabica is sweet and medium-bodied with nutty and milk-chocolate character and moderate citrus acidity. Barako is the outlier and tastes like nothing else in this atlas: intensely aromatic, woody and almost smoky, with a pungent, slightly medicinal bitterness and a body heavier than Robusta's. It is an acquired taste and a genuinely endangered one.

Nutty Chocolate Earthy Full body

History

Coffee arrived in the eighteenth century and by the 1880s the Philippines was among the world's leading exporters, with Batangas at the centre of the trade. Leaf rust destroyed the industry in the 1890s and it never recovered its former scale. Replanting favoured Robusta; the Liberica that survived did so mainly for local consumption.

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Sources

  1. USDA Foreign Agricultural ServiceProduction, Supply and Distribution — Coffee (2025/26) (read August 31, 2026) Cited for Production, Species
  2. International Coffee OrganizationHistorical Data on the Global Coffee Trade (read August 24, 2026)
  3. World Coffee ResearchArabica Coffee Varieties (read August 24, 2026) Cited for Varieties

Country outlines and shaded relief from Natural Earth, which places them in the public domain.

Growing-region markers indicate an area. They are not surveyed farm locations and should not be read as any.