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Nicaragua

Three northern highland departments produce almost all of it, under some of the heaviest shade in Central America.

Production
2.6M bags (60 kg)
Altitude
800–1,700 m
Species
94% Arabica and 6% Robusta
Harvest
December–March

Production figures are for the 2025/26 crop year.

Overview

Nicaragua's coffee is concentrated in the north: Jinotega and Matagalpa together account for most of the crop, with Nueva Segovia on the Honduran border making up much of the rest. The farms sit under dense shade — this is one of the most consistently shade-grown origins in the region — and range from tiny holdings to genuinely large estates, which is unusual in a part of the world that is otherwise almost entirely smallholder.

It is also where several of the varieties now planted across Central America were popularised. Nicaraguan farms grow a wider spread than their neighbours — Maragogype, Pacamara, Java, Maracaturra alongside the usual Caturra and Bourbon — and the Cup of Excellence programme has run here long enough that the top farms are known by name.

Growing regions

  • Arabica

Shaded provinces contain growing areas; the crop covers only part of each.

1,000–1,700 m
Arabica

The largest producing department, and the wettest.

Harvest
  1. J
  2. F
  3. M
  4. A
  5. M
  6. J
  7. J
  8. A
  9. S
  10. O
  11. N
  12. D
Washed Caturra Bourbon Catuai Maragogype

900–1,500 m
Arabica

The old centre of the industry, with the largest estates.

Harvest
  1. J
  2. F
  3. M
  4. A
  5. M
  6. J
  7. J
  8. A
  9. S
  10. O
  11. N
  12. D
Washed Honey Caturra Bourbon Catuai Maracaturra

1,100–1,700 m
Arabica

On the Honduran border — the region Nicaraguan Pacamara made its name from.

Harvest
  1. J
  2. F
  3. M
  4. A
  5. M
  6. J
  7. J
  8. A
  9. S
  10. O
  11. N
  12. D
Washed Natural Pacamara Caturra Bourbon Java

In the cup

A middle ground between the bright Central Americans and the heavier South Americans: medium body, orange and apple acidity, chocolate and caramel sweetness. Pacamara lots from Nueva Segovia are the outlier, and go somewhere else entirely — herbal, tropical, sometimes startlingly floral.

Chocolate Caramel Citrus Balanced

History

Coffee became the country's main export in the late nineteenth century. Revolution, civil war and land redistribution through the 1980s broke up the estate system and left the sector fragmented; the recovery from the 1990s onwards was built on quality rather than volume, and the specialty reputation dates from then rather than from the estate era.

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Sources

  1. USDA Foreign Agricultural ServiceProduction, Supply and Distribution — Coffee (2025/26) (read August 31, 2026) Cited for Production, Species
  2. International Coffee OrganizationHistorical Data on the Global Coffee Trade (read August 24, 2026)
  3. World Coffee ResearchArabica Coffee Varieties (read August 24, 2026) Cited for Varieties

Country outlines and shaded relief from Natural Earth, which places them in the public domain.

Growing-region markers indicate an area. They are not surveyed farm locations and should not be read as any.